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Most of the people infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) develop chronic hepatitis, which in some cases progresses to cirrhosis and ultimately to hepatocellular carcinoma. Although various immunotherapies against the progressive disease status of HCV infection have been studied, a preventive or therapeutic vaccine against this pathogen is still not available. In this study, we constructed a DNA vaccine...
As part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's monitoring and evaluation activities for influenza vaccines, we examined relationships between influenza vaccination and selected outcomes in the 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 influenza seasons in a claims-based data environment.We included patients with claims for trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) and/or 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 vaccine...
In June, 2012 a single dose of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was added to the recommendation for immunocompromised adults who were previously recommended to receive only 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). PCV13 may be more effective, though it covers fewer disease-causing strains.We examined the incremental cost-effectiveness of adding one dose of PCV13 to the...
As an evolution of its currently licensed rabies vaccine Verorab ® , Sanofi Pasteur has developed a next-generation, serum-free, highly purified Vero rabies vaccine (PVRV-NG). Through this Phase III clinical trial, we aimed to demonstrate the non-inferiority of PVRV-NG over Verorab when administered according to a post-exposure regimen and to assess its clinical safety.A total of 816 healthy...
This clinical trial examined the safety and immunogenicity of annual revaccination with Fluzone ® Intradermal (Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA) vaccine compared to a standard intramuscular (IM) split-virion trivalent influenza vaccine (Fluzone ® , Sanofi Pasteur).This phase II, active-controlled, multi-centre, open-label trial was conducted in 2009 and 2010, and enrolled 1250 adults...
Although a case control study suggested high effectiveness of the 2+1 PCV-7 vaccination, schedule against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children the results of impact studies in, different countries yield considerable differences in the magnitude of the effects. A systematic, literature review was conducted to identify all relevant studies on IPD incidence reduction after onset, of PCV7 vaccination...
Vaccine coverage estimates lag by years in the US. Commercially available medical claims databases contain timely records of childhood vaccinations given in physician offices. We used such data to track the replacement of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) by PCV13, a new vaccine active against 6 additional serotypes, starting in March 2010.We developed an age cohort model to compute...
To evaluate the effectiveness of a web based decision aid versus a leaflet versus, usual practice in reducing parents’ decisional conflict for the first dose MMR vaccination decision. The, impact on MMR vaccine uptake was also explored.Three-arm cluster randomised controlled trial. Setting: Fifty GP practices in the north of, England. Participants: 220 first time parents making a first dose MMR decision...
To assess the quality of vaccine batches before release, international regulation requires the control of potency of each lot of human rabies vaccines by the in vivo NIH challenge test. Meanwhile, the 3Rs strategy for animal testing encourages the replacement of the in vivo potency test by an in vitro assay. Consequently, since more than 10 years, an ELISA method has been implemented by ANSM in parallel...
The duck enteritis virus (DEV) may be a promising candidate viral vector for an aquatic poultry vaccination that can protect against multiple pathogens because it has a very large genome and a narrow host range. Recently, we described two DEV recombinants that contained deletions of the viral US2 or gIgE genes. The hemagglutinin (HA) gene of an H5N1-type highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV)...
Ehrlichioses are emerging tick-borne bacterial diseases of humans and animals for which no vaccines are available. The diseases are caused by obligately intracellular bacteria belonging to the genus Ehrlichia. Several immunoreactive proteins of ehrlichiae have been identified based on their reactivity with immune sera from human patients and animals. These include the major outer membrane proteins,...
Anaphylaxis after trivalent influenza vaccination is typically reported at a rate of <1 per million doses. In Quebec, Canada, anaphylaxis following administration of the monovalent AS03-adjuvanted H1N1pdm09 vaccine was reported through passive surveillance at a rate of 8 per million doses administered. This was 20 times higher than the reporting rate for non-adjuvanted trivalent vaccines administered...
The 2010 Cochrane review on efficacy, effectiveness and safety of influenza vaccination in the elderly by Jefferson et al. covering dozens of clinical studies over a period of four decades, confirmed vaccine safety, but found no convincing evidence for vaccine effectiveness (VE) against disease thus challenging the ongoing efforts to vaccinate the elderly.However, the Cochrane review analyzed and...
Ticks are a threat to human and animal health worldwide. Ticks are considered to be second worldwide to mosquitoes as vectors of human diseases, the most important vectors of diseases that affect cattle industry worldwide and important vectors of diseases affecting pets. Tick vaccines are a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to protect against tick-borne diseases through the control...
Post-licensure surveillance of adverse events following vaccination or prescription drug use often relies on electronic healthcare data to efficiently detect and evaluate safety signals. The accuracy of seizure-related diagnosis codes in identifying true incident seizure events in vaccine safety studies is influenced by factors such as clinical setting of diagnosis and age. To date, most studies of...
Financing for global health is a critical element of research and development. Innovations in new vaccines are critically dependent on research funding given the large sums required, however estimates of global research investments are lacking. We evaluate infectious disease research investments, focusing on immunology and vaccine research by UK research funding organisations. In 1997–2010, £2.6 billion...
The purpose of this simple study was to characterize a panel of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis obtained from the Western Cape region of South Africa where new clinical vaccine trials are beginning, in the low dose aerosol guinea pig infection model. Most of the strains tested grew well in the lungs and other organs of these animals, and in most cases gave rise to moderate to very...
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